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The History of Brownies: Exploring the Origin, Evolution, and Signature Recipes of This Beloved Dessert
In the smoldering aftermath of the Great Chicago Fire, a love story forged from ambition and intellect ultimately gave birth to a culinary marvel: the world's first brownie.
Brownies, those beloved squares of chocolatey goodness, have a rich and fascinating history that many may not know. At Dello Mano, we take pride in crafting luxury brownies that carry forward this legacy with our unique touch.
From Ashes to Dessert: The Love Story That Birthed the World's First Brownie
The creation of the brownie faced numerous challenges. Chicago was recovering from the Great Fire. Bertha Honore, a young and for the time unusually educated woman, captured the heart of the wealthy businessman Potter Palmer. Smitten by her charm and intellect, he waited a decade or so to court her. Their union a meeting of the minds, led to their marriage, his wedding gift to her a hotel, and ultimately the invention of the brownie. Who would have thought—a story one might think akin to a Hollywood script, led to the invention of brownies?
The Palmer House Hotel, the birthplace of the brownie - photo courtesy of
The Birthplace of Brownies: The Palmer House Hotel
Nestled in the heart of Chicago, the Palmer House Hotel stands as a grand testament to luxury and innovation. This opulent establishment, with its gilded ceilings and lavish decor, stands on ground that whispers tales of an era where creativity knew no bounds. First built as an extravagant wedding gift from Potter to Bertha, the hotel was a symbol of their love and ambition. The hotel opened just 13 days before the Great Chicago Fire and was subsequently totally destroyed.
A man of determination Potter secured a bank loan of over $1.7 Million on the basis of his signature alone and set about rebuiling the hotel. It was here, some years later amid the splendor of this rebuilt hotel, that the humble brownie was born. Now well established in the Chicago social set, Bertha Palmer played an integral role across many activities and committees. It was indeed Bertha that commissioned the brownie for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition.
The opulent interiors of the Palmer House Hotel where the first brownie was created.
The Visonary Behind the Brownie : Bertha Palmer
Born into a prosperous Kentucky family in 1849, Bertha Honoré Palmer was no ordinary woman. Her father, Henry Hamilton Honoré, moved the family to Chicago when Bertha was six, where she received an elite private education. At a time when women’s roles were largely confined to the domestic sphere, Bertha distinguished herself with her intellect and charm, captivating Potter Palmer, a successful dry goods store owner who was 23 years her senior. He met her when she was just 13 and vowed to court her when she came of age, a promise he fulfilled upon his return from a three-year recuperation in Europe.
Bertha graduated with honors from the Convent of the Visitation in Washington, D.C., demonstrating proficiency in various subjects uncommon for women of her era. She married Potter in 1870, and their partnership became a powerhouse in Chicago's social and economic landscape. Bertha's influence was instrumental during the reconstruction of Chicago following the Great Fire of 1871. She convinced Potter to stay and rebuild the city, emphasising the duty of every Chicagoan to contribute to its revival.
Potter's gift to Bertha, the Palmer House Hotel, was not just a symbol of their love but a testament to their shared vision of luxury and innovation. The hotel, which reopened in 1873 after the fire, was a marvel of its time, featuring the city's first elevators and electric light bulbs. Bertha, with her refined taste, infused the hotel with European elegance, commissioning French muralist Louis Pierre Rigal to paint the ceiling fresco and adorning the interiors with Tiffany 24-karat gold chandeliers and exquisite artwork.
Bertha's contributions extended beyond her role as a socialite. She was a patron of the arts, amassing an impressive collection of French Impressionist paintings and championing artists like Monet and Renoir. Her philanthropic efforts were equally notable, as she actively supported women's rights, education, and social welfare. She played a pivotal role in the success of the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, overseeing the Women's Building and ensuring that it showcased the achievements of women from around the world.
It was in the lavish setting of the Palmer House Hotel, amid its garnet-draped chandeliers and opulent decor, that the humble brownie was born.
Bertha Palmer, the visionary behind the creation of the brownie and her husband Potter Palmer - photo taken during our visit to the Palmer Hotel
The Brownie and the World Columbian Exposition
Bertha Honoré Palmer’s role at the 1893 World’s Columbian Expositionwas groundbreaking. As the president of the Board of Lady Managers, she led the efforts to highlight women’s achievements in a dedicated
The Women's Building was a showcase of female talent and innovation. It housed exhibits of art, literature, science, and industry, all produced by women. Bertha’s leadership was crucial in organising these displays, which included a library featuring 7,000 books by female authors and exhibitions of women’s inventions and artworks. The building also hosted conferences and lectures on topics ranging from women's education to social reform, attracting an audience of around 200,000 people.
Bertha's influence extended beyond the exposition. She was a vocal advocate for women’s rights and used her position to push for greater recognition of women’s contributions. Her work at the Exposition was a testament to her vision and commitment to gender equality, marking a significant step forward for women's visibility in the public sphere.
It was in the lavish setting of the Palmer House Hotel, amid its garnet-draped chandeliers and opulent decor, that the humble brownie was born. Bertha, ever the visionary, commissioned the creation of a novel dessert for the Exposition. Her request was simple yet transformative: a confection smaller than a cake, yet more substantial than a cookie, something that could be neatly packed in a boxed lunch. Thus, the first brownie was created in the hotel's kitchens, topped with an apricot glaze and walnuts. Interestingly this same recipe is still served at the Palmer House hotel all these years later.
The brownie itself contained significant amounts of chocolate, butter and sugar as well as cake flour and eggs.
An illustration of one of the Palmer House Hotel's original kitchens. Who knows possibly the one in which the iconic brownie was first invented in the late 19th century. Photo taken at the courtesy of the Palmer House Hotel.
Comparative Historical Recipes
To provide a deeper historical context, let’s compare the original Palmer House brownie recipe with other early variations: As with all food history, there are often differing accountsand legends surrounding the origins of recipes.
1.Sears Catalogue Recipe (1897):
The 1897 Sears, Roebuck Catalogue featured an early reference to "brownies," though these were more like molasses candy shaped like elves, inspired by the popular characters from Palmer Cox's stories. This version did not include chocolate, highlighting an interesting divergence in the evolution of brownie recipes during that period. The recipe illustrates the early experimentation with sweet treats that eventually led to the chocolate brownie we know today.
2. Bangor Brownies (1905):
A recipe published in the Boston Globe referred to as "Bangor Brownies" closely resembled modern brownies. This version was named after Bangor, Maine, where a local housewife allegedly is said to have invented brownies by accidentally omitting baking powder from a chocolate cake recipe, resulting in a dense, fudgy treat.
3. Fannie Farmer's 1906 Boston Cooking-School Cook Book:
This book featured a recipe for "Brownies," which included molasses and cocoa, differentiating it from the Palmer House version. This recipe marked one of the first appearances of brownies in printed cookbooks, showcasing a simpler, less indulgent take on the dessert.
4. Maria Willett Howard’s 1907 Recipe:
Howard’s version, found in "Lowney's Cook Book," included more chocolate and butter, aligning more closely with modern brownies. The evolution from Farmer's version to Howard’s recipe illustrates the increasing decadence in brownie recipes over time.
Dello Mano's Pilgrimage to the Birthplace of Brownies
At Dello Mano, our passion for brownies led us on a remarkable pilgrimage to the very heart of brownie history – the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago. This journey was not merely a visit; it was a profound exploration of the roots of a beloved dessert, an immersion into the rich cultural and culinary heritage of this iconic establishment.
The Palmer House: A Creative and Cultural Haven.
As we walked through the grand halls of the Palmer House lobby, we were transported back in time. The intricate designs, the opulent chandeliers, and the lush carpets – every detail exuded an aura of timeless elegance. The amazing gold doors at the entrance and the architectural art made us pinch ourselves as we entered.
The stunning gold doors at the entrance of the Palmer House Hotel, a symbol of the hotel's rich history, art, and culture.
Deb and Bien at the Palmer House - great to be here and experience the history firsthand!
We were there to explore for ourselves the home of the original brownie.
In order to make sure our investigation was thorough, we made appointments with the Palmer House Hotel Historian & PR Director, the late Ken Price, whose knowledge of the history of the hotel was astounding. We very fortunate to enjoy his amazing hospitality and the most informative meeting in the hotel's archive room.
Ken's profound love for the Palmer House was captivating, his enthusiasm palpable in every detail he shared.
We followed the meeting with a Ken's tour through the grand ballrooms and event spaces. The amazing chandeliers, purchased and brought from all around the world, coupled with Ken's enthusiasm created something that to this day remains breathtaking.
The Grand Ballroom and Celebrity Glamour
Imagine standing in the grand ballroom, with its sparkling chandeliers casting a warm glow over the ornate decorations. This iconic space has been the backdrop for countless memorable events, from extravagant balls to intimate performances.
As we stood there, we could almost hear the echoes of music and laughter, the whispers of history that seemed to resonate through the walls.
We were told by Ken that it had been considered good luck to touch the urns as we moved up onto the platform above the ballroom. Since brownies were invented here, we made sure to do exactly that, hoping to capture some of the magic, history, and a little brownie good luck!
Team Dello Mano visiting the iconic Palmer House Hotel, the birthplace of the original brownie! 🍫✨ #DelloMano #PalmerHouse #BrownieHistory #HandmadeWithLove
A Glimpse into the Past
Our journey took us to the very kitchen where the first brownies were crafted, a place steeped in history and tradition. The scent of chocolate and butter filled the air, evoking a sense of nostalgia. We had the incredible opportunity to interview the hotel’s chef, delving into the storied past and present of the Palmer House brownie. Standing in that historic kitchen, we felt a deep connection to the origins of this beloved treat.
The original Palmer House brownie recipe, still served today, baked for us during our visit to the Palmer House Hotel
The Palmer House Hotel amazing kitchen team, including the Chef, who graciously showed us around the kitchen and baked a tray of the original Palmer House brownies for us.
A Sweet Exchange
In a moment of shared culinary passion, we exchanged our Dello Mano brownies with the Palmer House kitchen team. Standing together, we savored each other’s creations, celebrating the timeless delight that brownies bring. This exchange was more than just a tasting; it was a connection through history, a mutual appreciation of the art of brownie making.
A sweet exchange: Our Dello Mano brownie gift box alongside a Palmer House brownie gift box, symbolising the shared passion for quality and tradition.
A Personal Moment of Reflection
Bien and I ordered the brownie sundae and sat up in the balcony that overlooks the very grand and impressive central lobby. As we sat enjoying our brownie sundae, we had a surreal moment of reflection. Starting our brownie business at the Farmer's Market and now finding ourselves in this grand place, eating brownies in style, felt like a dream come true. It was a poignant reminder of how far we'd come and the beautiful journey that brought us here.
The iconic brownie sundae, a specialty enjoyed at the Palmer House, featuring the original brownie recipe topped with ice cream and a crisp wafer.
The Evolution of Brownies
Around the turn of the century a new wave of cooking schools emerged. These schools and their educators not only taught "home economics" but also promoted their ideas in magazines clubs and lecture tours. It is thought to be through the domestic science network and an increasing interest in cookbooks, that brownies became known across the United States.
Companies like The Hershey Company and Mars made technological advancements in their factories and subsequently developed abilities to make larger quantities and extend the shelf life of chocolate. This made chocolate more accessible and affordable to the consumer. As chocolate became more readily available, recipes began to incorporate more cocoa and chocolate, enhancing the brownie’s flavor profile.
Innovations such as adding nuts, frosting, and other ingredients began to emerge, catering to diverse tastes and preferences. Techniques also evolved, with bakers experimenting with different baking times and temperatures to perfect the brownie texture.
A little later, large food companies started promoting the idea of time saving in the kitchen. They promised busy housewives reduced preparation time and the opportunity to avoid the frustration of recipes going wrong. Several large companies played an important role in the development of cake and brownie mixes in the middle of the 20th century. They offered national distribution, sponsored cooking competitions and "bake off" events.
Soon co-branding saw the food manufactureres team up with companies like Hersheys to promote brownie mixes, A 1965 Betty Crocker advertisment for Chocolate Fudge Brownie Mix explained the increased success rate for perfect brownies " With Betty Crocker, you always get chocolatey, chewy, candy bar good brownies made wtih all Hersheys cocoa"
By the 1980's there was a growing number of "latchkey" children and food companies capitalised by offering microwaveable brownies.
us food history scene
The Brownie Evolution
- Early 20th Century:
Recipes were from scratch. Significant deviations occured in what was called a brownie recipe however they were handmade from scrathc using raw materials. Brownies began to feature more chocolate, transitioning from cocoa to melted chocolate for a richer flavor. - Mid-20th Century:
As World War I influenced food preservation needs, brownies gained popularity due to their long shelf life. Recipes started to reflect a balance between fudgy and cakey textures, accommodating varied preferences. Food companies developed time saving insights for housewives and the Brownie Mix surfaced. These mixes promised success every time and offered to remove the fear or frustration of a brownie recipe not working. - . Late 20th Century to Present:
Modern recipes have become highly diverse, with variations including gluten-free, vegan, and health-conscious options using alternative ingredients like almond flour and black beans. Bakers continue to experiment with textures and flavours, from adding sea salt and caramel swirls to incorporating spices like cinnamon and chili for a unique twist..
Cultural Impact and Popularity
Brownies in Popular Culture
Brownies have made their mark, often symbolising comfort and indulgence. They'vee appeared in movies, TV shows, and literature, often as a beloved treat that brings people together. Their simplicity and deliciousness have made them a favorite in households around the world.
Global Influence
While brownies originated in the United States, their popularity has spread globally. Different cultures have adapted the classic recipe to suit local tastes, resulting in unique variations such as matcha brownies in Japan and dulce de leche brownies in Latin America.
Our own European and Asian Food Tours have witnessed an increasing proliferation of brownies in both continents.
Brownie Trivia
- The largest brownie ever made weighed over 152 kg and was created in Saudi Arabia on 23 September 2022
- The term "brownie" was first used in the 1896 edition of the Boston Cooking-School Cook Book by Fannie Farmer, though it referred to a molasses candy at the time.
- There is a claim that Brownies were originally known as "Bangor Brownies" after the city of Bangor, Maine, where a local housewife was credited with creating the treat (
- Brownies were included in the food menu for astronauts on the Apollo space missions, making them one of the first desserts to be enjoyed in space
- Brownies have appeared in various films and TV shows, often symbolising comfort and indulgence. One great example is menion is in Notting HIll - The brownie competition.The famous line of "who gets the last brownie" a classic!
- National brownie day is celebrated on December 8th in the U.S.
Our Signature Recipes at Dello Mano
At Dello Mano, we honour this rich history by infusing our brownies with a blend of tradition and innovation.
Our signature recipes are crafted with the finest ingredients, ensuring a luxurious experience in every bite.
Here are a few highlights from our collection:
Dello Mano Luxury Brownie Mixed Assorted Gift Box
Classic Luxury Brownie
Our Classic Luxury Brownie pays homage to the traditional brownie while elevating it to new heights.
Handmade with premium Belgian chocolate, fresh eggs, and pure butter, this brownie is the epitome of indulgence.
Each bite offers a perfect balance of rich chocolate flavor and a melt-in-your-mouth texture.
Caramelised Macadamia Brownie
For those who crave a bit of crunch and a delicios buttery flavour our Caramelized Macadamia Brownie is the perfect choice.
The smooth, velvety chocolate brownie is complemented by the delightful crunch of caramelised macadamia nuts, creating a harmonious blend of textures and flavors.
Espresso Walnut Brownie
Coffee lovers will find solace in our Espresso Walnut Brownie.
Infused with a shot of espresso and dotted with crunchy walnut pieces, this brownie offers a sophisticated twist on the classic. It’s a perfect pick-me-up for any time of day. A great gift for Coffee and Chocolate lovers.
Expert Tips for Perfect Brownies
- Use High-Quality Ingredients:
The quality of your chocolate and butter will significantly impact the taste and texture of your brownies. Opt for premium chocolate and pure, unsalted butter for the best results. - Don’t Overmix the Batter:
Overmixing can lead to tough brownies. Mix just until the ingredients are combined to maintain a tender texture. - Watch the Baking Time:
Brownies can go from perfectly fudgy to overbaked in a matter of minutes.
Check them a few minutes before the recommended baking time. A toothpick inserted should come out with a few moist crumbs. At Dello Mano we use the wobble test to check our brownies are at their baked best. - Know the difference between a fudgy and a cakey brownie.
When it comes to brownies, texture is key, and understanding the difference between fudgy and cakey browniescan help you make the perfect choice for your taste.
Fudgy Brownies:
These are dense, rich, and intensely chocolatey. They have a moist, almost gooey center and a slightly chewy texture. To achieve this, use a higher fat-to-flour ratio, typically adding more butter or chocolate, and less flour. Adding minimal baking powder or baking soda helps maintain the dense texture.
Cakey Brownies:
These resemble a lighter, more airy cake. They have a fluffy crumb and a softer texture. This is achieved by using more flour and a leavening agent such as baking powder. Adding an extra egg can also introduce more air into the batter, giving the brownies a lift. - Let Them Cool Completely:
It might be tempting to dive in immediately, but letting brownies cool completely ensures they set properly and are easier to cut. - Experiment with Add-ins:
Don’t be afraid to add nuts, chocolate chips, or swirls of caramel or peanut butter to create your own unique brownie.
Why Dello Mano Brownies Stand Out
Our commitment to quality and craftsmanship sets our brownies apart.
Each batch is handmade with love and care, reflecting our dedication to excellence. Whether you're enjoying our classic recipe or a modern twist, our Dello Mano brownies promise a taste experience like no other.
As a small, self-funded family business, we maintain small batches to ensure the utmost attention to detail and passion in every piece, making our brownies truly stand out.
The Enduring Allure of Brownies
The history of brownies is a testament to the power of culinary creativity and the joy of indulgence.
Our Dello Mano pilgrimage to The Palmer House Hotel was not just a journey through history, but a celebration of the legacy that continues to inspire us. At Dello Mano, we are proud to be a part of this rich legacy, bringing our signature touch to a beloved classic. As we continue to innovate and explore new horizons, we invite you to savour the timeless delight of our brownies and discover why they are truly exceptional.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- What is the history of brownies?
The history of brownies dates back to the late 19th century, with their origin traced to the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago. Bertha Palmer commissioned the creation of the first brownie for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition. - Who invented the first brownie? The first brownie was invented at the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago, commissioned by Bertha Palmer for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition.
- Where was the original brownie recipe created?
The original brownie recipe was created at the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago. This recipe featured apricot glaze and walnuts and is still served at the hotel today. - What makes Dello Mano brownies special?
Dello Mano brownies are handmade with premium ingredients, including Belgian chocolate and pure butter. Our commitment to quality and craftsmanship ensures a luxurious experience in every bite. - How can I make perfect brownies at home?
Use high-quality ingredients, avoid overmixing the batter, watch the baking time carefully, let the brownies cool completely before cutting, and feel free to experiment with different add-ins for unique flavours. - What are some modern trends in brownie baking?
Modern trends in brownie baking include dietary adaptations such as gluten-free, vegan, and low-sugar brownies.
Gourmet variations featuring exotic ingredients like sea salt, chili, and even edible gold are also popular in upscale bakeries. - How have brownies influenced global cuisine?
While brownies originated in the United States, their popularity has spread globally. Different cultures have adapted the classic recipe to suit local tastes, resulting in unique variations such as matcha brownies in Japan and dulce de leche brownies in Latin America. - What is a Blondie?
A blondie, often referred to as a blonde brownie, is a dessert bar similar to a traditional brownie but made without cocoa powder.
Instead of the chocolatey flavour, blondies have a rich, buttery, and caramel-like taste, primarily due to the use of brown sugar. They typically include ingredients such as flour, brown sugar, butter, eggs, and vanilla.
Blondies can also be customised with various add-ins like chocolate chips, nuts, or butterscotch. They offer a different flavor profile while maintaining a similar texture to brownies.
Dello Mano's Best Selling Brownie Gift Boxes
How to Buy Dello Mano Brownies
Indulge in the exquisite taste of Dello Mano brownies by visiting our online store.
Browse our selection of handmade brownies, crafted with love and the finest ingredients. You can order online for delivery across Australia or choose to pick up your order at several Brisbane locations.
Alternatively, visit us in person at our Wintergarden or Indooroopilly stores to experience the luxury of Dello Mano brownies. Join us in celebrating quality and tradition with every bite of our delectable creations. Order now and savor the difference!
Get Your Dello Mano Brownies: Three Convenient Ways - Order Online & Delivery, Visit Our Stores, or Click & Collect.
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